[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
a meeting. Could you tell John that I'll phone him this
evening at home?
RECEPTIONIST: Certainly. 7 I have your name please?
CALLER: Yes, it's David Marks.
90
Modals
65 can, could, may, might, should, must
" must/mustn't is stronger that should/shouldn't:
You must take your passport when you travel abroad, (obligation)
/ think it's going to rain. You should take an umbrella, (advice)
Check
65a Write the sentences, choosing one of the modals.
1 We are leaving tonight, so you {should/must) buy a ticket for the flight.
We are leaving tonight, so you must buy a ticket for the flight.
2 [May/Might) I come in?
3 David [can/could] cook well when he wants to.
4 'Do you think it {can/might) rain?'
'Yes, possibly. We don't want to get wet so I think we (should/must) take
our raincoats.'
5 Jenny tried to carry him but she {can't/couldn't),
6 We {can/might) visit my cousin in Australia next year but we don't
know yet.
7 In many countries, you {should/must) wear a seat belt in the car - it's
the law.
8 {Can/May) you hold this for me, please?
9 I know they enjoy their work but they {shouldn't/'mustn't) work at the
weekends. It's not good for them. I think they [should/must) spend time
at home with their families.
91
Modals STAGE 1
10 The letter {can/may) arrive tomorrow.
65b Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, should or must in the
positive or negative.
1 Richard's only three but he ..can,, swim very well.
2 You've had that headache for two days. T think you go to
the doctor.
3 I don't think we go to the beach because it rain
this afternoon.
4 I lived in Germany as a child so I speak German then but I
speak it now.
5 You remember to take your passport tomorrow.
6 you close the door, please?
7 We move house next year but we're not sure yet.
8 Passengers smoke when the plane is taking off.
9 I think you play tennis with Sally - she play
really well.
10 'Do you think 1 learn some Portuguese before I go to Brazil?'
'Yes, that would be a good idea.'
11 We remember to pay this bill before the weekend - it's very
important. If we don't, we'll have no electricity.
12 I know you like sugar but you eat quite so much - it's bad
for you.
13 I'll be at work on Saturday so I'm afraid 1 come to the
football match with you.
14 I was listening very carefully but I hear what she said.
15 They don't like living in the countryside - it's too quiet. T think they
move back to the city but they don't agree.
92
Modal*
66 / have to be there at 9 o'clock: have + fo-infinitive
FORM
Present
Past
I I
You You
have to
We We
They They had to do it.
do it.
She
She
He
He has to
It
It
" The verb have + the to-infinitive.
Note: have + fo-infinitive has its own meaning and in this way it is like a modal verb.
However, it does not have the form of a modal - it is an ordinary verb and we can use it in
any tense. The form of the positive, negative and question is the same as for other verbs.
USE
" have + to-infinitive = It is very important to do something/It is necessary to
do something.
" not have + to-infinitive = It is not necessary to do something.
" have + to-infinitive is very similar in meaning to must but we can use it for
all tenses. We can say:
We must leave early, or
We have to leave early, but only
We had to leave early last night. (We do not use must in the past.)
" must and have + to-infinitive have different meanings in the negative:
You mustn't stay here. It's very dangerous.
( = It is very important that you don't stay here.)
You don't have to wait for me. I can get a taxi home.
(= It is not necessary for you to wait for me, but you can wait if you want to.)
Practice
66a Complete the sentences with have + to-infinitive in the correct form and
one of the verbs below. Use have in the present simple.
read explain shout be stop
come get up sleep talk send
open answer decide take turn
1 I .have to be.. at work at 9 o'clock in the morning, (positive)
2 We ..don't have to get up...early at weekends, (negative)
3 She all the phone calls at work, (positive)
93
Modals
4 you all these books for
the exam? (question)
5 I which job I want before the end of the week.
(positive)
6 You - I can hear you. (negative)
7 the hotel staff in the
hotel? (question)
8 We the bus into town. We can walk, (negative)
9 She the shop at 9 o'clock every morning, (positive) [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl akte20.pev.pl
a meeting. Could you tell John that I'll phone him this
evening at home?
RECEPTIONIST: Certainly. 7 I have your name please?
CALLER: Yes, it's David Marks.
90
Modals
65 can, could, may, might, should, must
" must/mustn't is stronger that should/shouldn't:
You must take your passport when you travel abroad, (obligation)
/ think it's going to rain. You should take an umbrella, (advice)
Check
65a Write the sentences, choosing one of the modals.
1 We are leaving tonight, so you {should/must) buy a ticket for the flight.
We are leaving tonight, so you must buy a ticket for the flight.
2 [May/Might) I come in?
3 David [can/could] cook well when he wants to.
4 'Do you think it {can/might) rain?'
'Yes, possibly. We don't want to get wet so I think we (should/must) take
our raincoats.'
5 Jenny tried to carry him but she {can't/couldn't),
6 We {can/might) visit my cousin in Australia next year but we don't
know yet.
7 In many countries, you {should/must) wear a seat belt in the car - it's
the law.
8 {Can/May) you hold this for me, please?
9 I know they enjoy their work but they {shouldn't/'mustn't) work at the
weekends. It's not good for them. I think they [should/must) spend time
at home with their families.
91
Modals STAGE 1
10 The letter {can/may) arrive tomorrow.
65b Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, should or must in the
positive or negative.
1 Richard's only three but he ..can,, swim very well.
2 You've had that headache for two days. T think you go to
the doctor.
3 I don't think we go to the beach because it rain
this afternoon.
4 I lived in Germany as a child so I speak German then but I
speak it now.
5 You remember to take your passport tomorrow.
6 you close the door, please?
7 We move house next year but we're not sure yet.
8 Passengers smoke when the plane is taking off.
9 I think you play tennis with Sally - she play
really well.
10 'Do you think 1 learn some Portuguese before I go to Brazil?'
'Yes, that would be a good idea.'
11 We remember to pay this bill before the weekend - it's very
important. If we don't, we'll have no electricity.
12 I know you like sugar but you eat quite so much - it's bad
for you.
13 I'll be at work on Saturday so I'm afraid 1 come to the
football match with you.
14 I was listening very carefully but I hear what she said.
15 They don't like living in the countryside - it's too quiet. T think they
move back to the city but they don't agree.
92
Modal*
66 / have to be there at 9 o'clock: have + fo-infinitive
FORM
Present
Past
I I
You You
have to
We We
They They had to do it.
do it.
She
She
He
He has to
It
It
" The verb have + the to-infinitive.
Note: have + fo-infinitive has its own meaning and in this way it is like a modal verb.
However, it does not have the form of a modal - it is an ordinary verb and we can use it in
any tense. The form of the positive, negative and question is the same as for other verbs.
USE
" have + to-infinitive = It is very important to do something/It is necessary to
do something.
" not have + to-infinitive = It is not necessary to do something.
" have + to-infinitive is very similar in meaning to must but we can use it for
all tenses. We can say:
We must leave early, or
We have to leave early, but only
We had to leave early last night. (We do not use must in the past.)
" must and have + to-infinitive have different meanings in the negative:
You mustn't stay here. It's very dangerous.
( = It is very important that you don't stay here.)
You don't have to wait for me. I can get a taxi home.
(= It is not necessary for you to wait for me, but you can wait if you want to.)
Practice
66a Complete the sentences with have + to-infinitive in the correct form and
one of the verbs below. Use have in the present simple.
read explain shout be stop
come get up sleep talk send
open answer decide take turn
1 I .have to be.. at work at 9 o'clock in the morning, (positive)
2 We ..don't have to get up...early at weekends, (negative)
3 She all the phone calls at work, (positive)
93
Modals
4 you all these books for
the exam? (question)
5 I which job I want before the end of the week.
(positive)
6 You - I can hear you. (negative)
7 the hotel staff in the
hotel? (question)
8 We the bus into town. We can walk, (negative)
9 She the shop at 9 o'clock every morning, (positive) [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]